Transocean Deepwater Horizon oil rig explosion shows new risks

A fire aboard the mobile offshore drilling unit Deepwater Horizon burns 52-miles southeast of Venice, La. Helicopters, ships and an airplane searched waters off Louisiana's coast Wednesday for missing workers after an explosion and fire that left an offshore drilling platform tilting in the Gulf of Mexico. (Photo by Petty Officer 2nd Class Scott Lloyd/US Coast Guard)

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As the US moves to open up more deep water areas for oil exploration and companies prepare to open up deep reserves off the coast of Brazil and Angola, the possible explosion and fire aboard the Deepwater Horizon rig, owned by Houston-based Transocean and leased by BP, is a reminder of how the task of supplying the world's oil amid dwindling reserves is becoming ever-more complex - and dangerous - despite technological advancements.

"Deep water drilling is already a high-stakes casino and as geologic risk, capital risk, market risk and engineering risk all come together, they are becoming extraordinarily difficult to quantify," says Robert Bryce, an energy expert at the Manhattan Institute and author of the upcoming book "Power Hungry: The myths of 'green' energy and the real fuels of the future."

The Deepwater Horizon is on the cusp of the world's oil exploration gambit.

Able to operate in up to 8,000 feet of water, it recently broke a world record in drill depth, punching 32,000 feet into the earth's crust. Complete with a bowling alley and movie theater, the Deepwater Horizon is also one of the largest and most advanced engineering projects on the planet - a fifth-generation exploration rig that had most recently been working BP's crude oil deposit in the Gulf of Mexico, called the Tiber.

"We're drilling deeper and deeper in Gulf of Mexico waters, Obama is about to lift the moratorium on part of the eastern Gulf, there's deep water Angola, so demand for this type of equipment continues to grow," says Jorge Pinon, former president of Amoco Latin America.

The Coast Guard said on Wednesday it has not found up to 12 crew members who were missing after the rig explosion Tuesday night, Reuters reported.

"We're still searching," said Coast Guard Lt. Sue Kerver, noting that the Coast Guard is the lead agency for the search and rescue effort.

The investigation will focus on human error and mechanical malfunction, says Mr. Pinon, adding that such advanced rigs "need a lot of tender loving care to operate."

"We've had hurricanes and fires on the rigs, but I can't remember that we ever had this type of explosion and definitely not on this type of rig," Plaquemines Parish president, Billy Nungesser, told the New York Times.

While hurricanes often batter oil rigs, explosions and fires are rare. In 1988, the Piper Alpha offshore rig exploded, killing 167 people. And in 2001, the Petrobas 36 platform off Brazil's coast also exploded, killing 11 workers.

"Rigs are some of the safest places to be ... which is what makes the explosion on the oil rig in the Gulf all the more unexpected and means it was likely one that happened very fast," reports CNN's Ali Velshi, who was once evacuated from an oil rig.

Most immediately, the Deepwater Horizon accident will affect BP, which was leasing the rig at the cost of about $450,000 a day, says Pinon. In 2005, BP's Thunder Horse deepwater rig in the Gulf nearly capsized from a plumbing error. Also in 2005, an explosion rocked BP's Texas City refinery, killing 15 and injuring scores of other workers. In 2006, one of BP's pipelines on Alaska's North Shore began leaking, forcing the company to re-lay 16 miles of pipe.